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The Environmental Cost of Batteries and Critical Minerals

A battery produces no exhaust while it is being used, but what happened before its materials reached the battery factory? The answer reveals why “no tailpipe emissions” is not the same as “no environmental impact”. This section introduces lifecycle impact: the total effects linked to a battery and the system in which it operates, from obtaining materials to dealing with the battery at the end of its useful life.

The Environmental Cost of Batteries and Critical Minerals

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