How Waterfalls Retreat and Carve Deep Gorges (Parent Q&A)

This guide helps parents support learners aged 11 to 16 as they explain how waterfalls form, retreat upstream and leave gorges. It follows the lesson sequence from differential erosion and plunge-pool formation to undercutting, collapse and repeated retreat. It also helps learners distinguish visible evidence from interpretations, using High Force on the River Tees as a UK example. Encourage explanations based on evidence and accurate geographical vocabulary.

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